The Archaea are a group of prokaryotes (cells that lack nuclei and other organelles) that were first discovered in extreme environments such as hot springs, acid waters and hypersaline ponds. In fact, one archaeal species found in deep sea hydrothermal vents, Pyrolobus fumarii, holds the current record for living at the hottest temperatures, with optimal growth at 106 °C, and survival of up to an hour of autoclaving. Genetic and subsequent biochemical analyses of this group showed that Archaea differ greatly from other microbes, and they are now classified as the third kingdom or “ domain ” of life, along with Bacteria (or Eubacteria) and Eukarya (cells with nuclei).

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The Archaea are a group of prokaryotes (cells that lack nuclei and other organelles) that were first discovered in extreme environments such as hot springs, acid waters and hypersaline ponds. In fact, one archaeal species found in deep sea hydrothermal vents, Pyrolobus fumarii, holds the current record for living at the hottest temperatures, with optimal growth at 106 °C, and survival of up to an hour of autoclaving. Genetic and subsequent biochemical analyses of this group showed that Archaea differ greatly from other microbes, and they are now classified as the third kingdom or “ domain ” of life, along with Bacteria (or Eubacteria) and Eukarya (cells with nuclei).

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